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    • 专利摘要:
    The controller (134) includes: a first driver (152) configured to drive at least a first switch (116B) according to received open / close commands; and N electronic circuits (144, 146, 148), N being greater than or equal to three, one of the electronic circuits (146) being configured to send the open / close commands to the first driver (152). The first driver (152) is further configured to, upon receiving a disable command, ignore the received open / close commands and provide each of the first switches (116B) with a predetermined open or close signal. closing. Each of the N electronic circuits is configured to send a command to disable the first driver (152). The controller (134) further comprises an electronic selection circuit (154) configured to receive the deactivation commands sent by the N electronic circuits (144, 146, 148), and, if disabling commands have been received from the part of at least M electronic circuits (144, 146, 148), M being greater than N / 2, transfer to the first driver (152) the deactivation command.
    公开号:FR3047854A1
    申请号:FR1651272
    申请日:2016-02-17
    公开日:2017-08-18
    发明作者:Nathalie Coia
    申请人:Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TITLE
    DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN INVERTER AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A CONTROL DEVICE
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to the control of inverters connecting a voltage source to an electric machine.
    In the description and the claims which follow, the term "connection" (singular) is used generically to designate any type of connection, in particular that can be achieved by means of one or more physical connections, for example to meaning of one or more drivers.
    In addition, when it is indicated that a first element "monitors" a second element, it means for example that the first element is intended to play the role of a "watchdog" (of the English "watchdog" ) of the second element. For this purpose, the first element is for example configured to send a monitoring signal to the second element. The second element is then configured to respond to this monitoring signal with a predetermined signal, called the normal activity signal. The first element is then configured to compare the received normal activity signal with an expected signal. In the absence of the normal activity signal or if the normal activity signal is different from the expected signal, the first element is configured to conclude that the second element has failed. For example, the monitoring signal is a predetermined duty cycle pulse width modulated signal. Alternatively, the first element might not send a surveillance signal. In this case, the second element could be configured to send a normal activity signal at predetermined times known to the first element. As previously, in the absence of the normal activity signal at the predetermined time or if the normal activity signal is different from the expected signal, the first element is configured to conclude that the second element has failed.
    TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
    The application PCT / FR2014 / 050340 published under the number WO 2014/128401 A2 describes a device for controlling an inverter having switching arms each associated with at least one coil end of an electrical machine, each switching arm having a high side switch to be selectively closed to connect the end to a positive terminal of a battery and open to disconnect the end of the positive terminal of the battery, and a low side switch to be selectively closed to connect the end to a negative terminal of the battery and open to disconnect the end of the negative terminal of the battery, the control device comprising: - a first driver configured to drive at least a first switch following commands of opening / closing, - N electronic circuits, N being greater than or equal to three, one of the electronic circuits being igured to send to the first pilot the opening / closing commands of the first switches. The object of the invention is to provide a control circuit for the inverter having a reduced number of electronic circuits, without greatly affecting the robustness of the control circuit in the event of the failure of one of its electronic circuits.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For this purpose, there is provided a device for controlling an inverter having switching arms each associated with at least one coil end of an electric machine, each switching arm having: a switch from the side high to be selectively closed to connect the end to a positive terminal of a battery and open to disconnect the end of the positive terminal of the battery, and a low side switch to be selectively closed to connect the end at a negative terminal of the battery and open to disconnect the end of the negative terminal of the battery, the control device comprising: a first driver configured to control at least a first switch according to received opening / closing commands, - N electronic circuits, N being greater than or equal to three, one of the electronic circuits being configured to send yer to the first driver the open / close commands, the control device being characterized in that the first driver is further configured to, in case of receiving a deactivation command, ignore the received open / close commands and supplying each first switch with a predetermined open or close signal, in that each of the N electronic circuits is configured to send a command to deactivate the first driver, and in that it further comprises: an electronic circuit of selection configured to: - receive the deactivation commands sent by the N electronic circuits, and - if deactivation commands have been received from at least M electronic circuits, where M is greater than N / 2, transfer to the first controls the disable command.
    Indeed, it appears that there are two ways to control the first switch (s) through the first driver: either by the open / close commands or by the deactivation command. To ensure that a failure of an electronic circuit does not make the first driver uncontrollable, it would theoretically be necessary to provide two electronic components: a first sending the open / close commands, and a second sending the deactivation command. Thus, if one of these two electronic circuits failed, it would still be possible to control the first driver, and therefore the first or the first switches, predictably through the other electronic circuit. However, in the present invention, a single electronic circuit sends both the open / close commands and the deactivation command. This solution makes it possible to reduce the number of electronic circuits of the control device. However, thanks to the presence of the electronic selection circuit, even if this single electronic circuit fails, it is still possible to control the first driver to disable it and thus to place the first switch or switches in a predictable state. However, the function performed by the electronic selection circuit can be performed very simply, at a very low cost, so that the use of a single electronic circuit sending both the open / close commands and the control of The deactivation associated with an electronic selection circuit is economically more advantageous than the use of two electronic circuits for respectively sending the open / close commands and the deactivation command.
    Optionally, M is equal to the majority of the electronic circuits.
    Optionally also, M is equal to N-1.
    Also optionally, the electronic circuits are odd.
    Also optionally, the electronic circuits are three in number.
    Also optionally, the electronic selection circuit is implemented only with analog components.
    Optionally also, the first driver is configured to drive a plurality of first switches which are all on the same first side of the high side and the low side.
    Also optionally, the first switches are all switches on the same first side of the high side and the low side.
    Optionally also, the first side is the low side.
    Optionally also, the control device further comprises a second driver configured to drive second switches on a second side of the high side and the low side, according to received opening / closing commands and for, in the case of receiving a deactivation command, ignoring the received open / close commands and providing each second switch with a predetermined opening or closing signal.
    Also optionally, a first of the electronic circuits is configured to monitor a second of the electronic circuits and, when a failure of the second electronic circuit is detected, to send to the electronic selection circuit a command to deactivate the first driver, the second circuit electronics is configured to monitor the first electronic circuit and a third of the electronic circuits and, when a failure of the first electronic circuit or the third electronic circuit is detected, to send to the first driver commands for closing the first switches and, when a failure of the third electronic circuit is detected, to further send to the first electronic circuit a request for deactivation of the second driver, and the third electronic circuit is configured to monitor the second electronic circuit and, when a failure of the second electronic circuit is detected, for, on the one hand, to send the second driver closing commands of the second switches and, secondly, send to the electronic selection circuit a command to disable the first driver.
    Also optionally, the first electronic circuit is configured to determine opening / closing commands of the first switches and the opening / closing commands of the second switches and to send to the second electronic component the opening / closing commands of the switches. determined, the second electronic circuit is configured to shape the opening / closing commands of the switches, to send to the third electronic circuit, after their formatting, the opening / closing commands of the second switches and to send to the first pilot, after their formatting, the opening / closing commands of the first switches, and the third electronic circuit is configured to transfer the opening / closing commands of the second switches received from the second electronic circuit to the second driver.
    It is also proposed an electrical system comprising: - an electric machine comprising coils each having two ends, - an inverter having switching arms each associated with at least one coil end of the electrical machine, each switching arm having: a high side switch to be selectively closed to connect the end to a positive terminal of a battery and open to disconnect the end of the positive terminal of the battery (108), and a low side switch to be selectively closed to connect the end to a negative terminal of the battery and open to disconnect the end of the negative terminal of the battery, - a device for controlling the inverter according to the invention.
    Optionally, the electrical machine comprises three coils and the inverter has six switching arms respectively associated with the six ends of the coils.
    Optionally also, the electrical machine comprises three coils connected to each other star-shaped by first ends, and the inverter has three switching arms respectively associated with the other three ends of the coils.
    Also optionally, the electrical machine comprises three coils connected together in a triangle, and the inverter has three switching arms respectively associated with the three pairs of ends of the coils forming the three points of the triangle.
    Also optionally, the electric machine is a synchronous electric machine with permanent magnets.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of an electrical system embodying the invention.
    FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a comparator of the electrical system of FIG.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    With reference to FIG. 1, an electrical system 100 embodying the invention will now be described.
    The electrical system 100 firstly comprises a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine comprising three coils 102, 104, 106 (also called "phases") each having two ends. VEHICLE WHEELS
    The electrical system 100 further comprises a first source of electrical energy 108. In the example described, the first source of electrical energy 108 is a battery, for example a lithium battery, having a positive (+) terminal and a negative (-) terminal and delivering a voltage for example between 400 V and 800 V between its terminals.
    The electrical system 100 further comprises an inverter 110 connecting the battery 108 to the coils 102, 104, 106 of the electrical machine. The inverter 110 has a high side terminal 112 and a low side terminal 114, respectively connected to the positive (+) terminal and the negative (-) terminal of the battery 108, in the described example via a capacitor 115. The inverter 110 further comprises six switching arms 102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D respectively associated with the six ends of the coils 102, 104, 106. Each switching arm 102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D has a high side switch (the high side switches being collectively designated 116H) and a low side switch (the low side switches being collectively designated 116B) connected to each other in a manner. a midpoint U, Y, W, X, Y, Z connected to the coil end in question.
    The switches 116H, 116B are controllable switches, for example intended to be applied to a voltage below 5V (preferably negative) to take a state (for example the open state) and a voltage between 12 Y and 22 Y for take the other state (for example the closed state). The switches 116H, 116B are preferably of the "normally open" type, that is to say that they are in the open state in the absence of control (applied voltage less than 5V, preferably negative).
    The switches 116H, 116B are, for example, insulated gate field effect transistors (of the "Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Tffect Transistor" or MOSFET) or insulated gate bipolar transistors ("Insulated Gaste"). Bipolar Transistor ", or IGBT). As is known in itself, freewheeling diodes (not shown) are preferably connected in parallel with the switches 116H, 116B.
    Each of the high side switches 116H is intended to be selectively closed and open to respectively connect and disconnect the respective coil end of the high side terminal 112. Similarly, each of the low side switches 116B is intended to be selectively closed and open respectively for connecting and disconnecting the respective coil end of the low side terminal 114.
    The electrical system 100 further comprises a second source of electrical energy 128, independent of the first source of electrical energy 108. In the example described, the second source of electrical energy 128 is a battery, for example a battery at lead, delivering a voltage of 12 V between its terminals and intended to supply accessories of the motor vehicle.
    The electrical system 100 further comprises a control device 134 of the inverter 110. The control device 134 comprises in the example described an electronic card 136 and electronic components mounted thereon, which will now be described.
    The controller 134 includes a first power supply 138 operating from the first power source 108.
    The controller 134 further includes a second power supply 140 operating from the second power source 128 and adapted to provide a supply voltage B.
    The control device 134 furthermore comprises a power combiner 142 designed to combine the power supplies 138, 140 and to supply a supply voltage A. Thus, if one of the two power supplies 138, 140 is faulty, the supply voltage A can always be obtained from the other diet.
    The control device 134 also comprises various electronic circuits, among which: a microcontroller 144, an FPGA 146 (of the English "Field Programmable Gate Array"), a CPLD 148 (of the English "Complex Programmable Logic Device" ), a high side driver 150, a low side driver 152, a selection electronic circuit 154 and electronic draw circuits 156, 158, 160, 162, 163.
    The control device 134 furthermore includes the connections illustrated in FIG. 1 for the data exchanges that will be described subsequently, between the electronic circuits.
    Microcontroller 144
    The microcontroller 144 is configured to receive, in particular, at least one of the following inputs: a torque setpoint C, a measurement of the position of the motor, measurements of currents in the phases and a voltage measurement of the battery 108, for example via a serial communication bus (called "controller area network (CAN)"). The microcontroller 144 is further configured to determine open / close commands of the high side switches 116H and open / close commands of the low side switches 116B, especially from the previous inputs. In the example described, the open / close commands are determined by the microcontroller 144 in the form of cyclic reports (in English: "duty cycle"). The microcontroller 144 is further configured to send to the FPGA 146 the opening / closing commands of the switches 116H, 116B determined.
    The microcontroller 144 is further configured to send to the high side driver 150 selectively either an enable command or a high side driver disable command 150. By default, the microcontroller 144 is configured to send the activation command. The microcontroller 144 is further configured to receive a request from the FPGA 146 to disable the high side driver 150 and, in response, to send the high side driver 150 the disable command.
    It will be appreciated that, in the example described, the microcontroller 144 is directly connected to the high side driver 150 to send the activation / deactivation command, that is to say that this connection does not pass through any logic electronic circuit likely to interrupt the transmission of the command and thus to prevent the command issued by the microcontroller 144 to arrive at the high side driver 150.
    The microcontroller 144 is further configured to selectively send to the selector circuit 154 either an enable command or a low side driver disable command 152. By default, the microcontroller 144 is configured to send a command. activation command. The microcontroller 144 is further configured to receive, from the FPGA 146, a low side driver disable request 152 and, in response, to send to the selector circuit 154 a low side driver disable command 152. .
    The microcontroller 144 is further configured to monitor the FPGA 146 and, when a failure of the FPGA 146 is detected, to send to the selector circuit 154 a low side driver disable command 152. FPGA 146
    The FPGA 146 is configured to format the open / close commands of the switches 116H, 116B. In the example described, the shaping of each control of a switch comprises the calculation of a square signal, in particular a voltage, having a low level corresponding to a first state of the switch and a high level corresponding to the second state of the switch. More precisely, the formatted controls are pulse width modulation (PWM) signals calculated from the cyclic reports received, and to which dead times have been added. The dead times allow that, when one of the two switches of a switching arm 102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D is to be closed while the second switch of this switching arm 102G, 102D, 104G, 104D , 106G, 106D must be open, the opening of the second switch is done before closing the first. Thus, the short-circuiting of the battery 108 is avoided. The FPGA 146 is further configured to send to the CPLD 148, after their formatting, the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H and to send to the low side driver 152, after their formatting, the commands opening / closing of the low side switches 116B.
    The FPGA 146 is further configured to selectively send either selector control 154, or low side driver disable command 152 to the selector circuit 154. By default, the FPGA 146 is configured to send the controller. activation command.
    The FPGA 146 is further configured to monitor the microcontroller 144 and the CPLD 148. When a failure of the microcontroller 144 or the CPLD 148 is detected, the FPGA 146 is configured to send to the low side driver 152 switch closing commands. bottom side 116B. Further, in the event of a failure of the CPLD 148, the FPGA 146 is configured to send the microcontroller 144 a high side driver disable request 150.
    The FPGA 146 is further configured to receive respective VU5 Vv, Vw, Vx, VY, Vz voltage measurements of the U, Y, W, X, Y, Z midpoints and to compare them with the open / close commands. switches 116H, 116B to detect a failure of the drivers 150, 152 or switches 116H, 116B. In addition to or instead of monitoring the voltages of the midpoint voltages V V V V, V W, Υχ, Y Y, V Z mid points U, V, W, X, Y, Z, the drivers 150, 152 can be configured for self-monitor and, upon detection of a failure, send fault messages. The high side driver 150 and the low side driver 152 are configured to send the fault message to the FPGA 146. When a fault is detected, the FPGA 146 is configured to send the low side driver 152 closing commands to the low end driver 152. 116B low side switches and to send to the microcontroller 144 a request to disable the high side driver 150. When the FPGA 146 determines that the closure of the low side switches 116B is not suitable, for example because one of the Low side switches 116B is off in the open state, the FPGA 146 is configured to send to the CPLD 148 high side switch closing commands 116H, to send to the selector circuit 154 a driver disable command from the side 152 and to send to the microcontroller 144 a request to disable the low side driver 152.
    It will be appreciated that, in the example described, the FPGA 146 is directly connected to the low side driver 152 to send the open / close commands, i.e. this connection does not go through any logic electronics likely to interrupt the transmission of commands and thus to prevent commands issued by the FPGA 146 from reaching the low side pilot 152. CPLD 148
    The CPLD 148 is configured to transfer the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H received from the FPGA 146 to the high side driver 150.
    It will be appreciated that, in the example described, the CPLD 148 is directly connected to the high side driver 150 to send the open / close commands, i.e. this connection does not go through any logic electronics likely to interrupt the transmission of orders and therefore to prevent orders issued by the CPLD 148 to arrive at the high side driver 150.
    The CPLD 148 is further configured to selectively send to the selector circuit 154 either an enable command or a low side driver disable command 152. By default, the CPLD 148 is configured to send the command. activation command.
    The CPLD 148 is further configured to monitor the FPGA 146. When a failure of the FPGA 146 is detected, the CPLD is configured, on the one hand, to send to the high side driver 150 high side switch closure commands. 116H and, on the other hand, to send to the selection electronic circuit 154 the deactivation command.
    Electronic circuit of selection 154
    The selection electronic circuit 154 is configured to receive the activation / deactivation commands from the microcontroller 144, the FPGA 146 and the CPLD 148. The selection electronic circuit 154 is further configured to transfer to the low side driver 152 the command received from at least two of the three previous electronic circuits 144, 146, 148. In the example described, this amounts to transferring the command received mainly from the previous electronic circuits 144, 146, 148.
    In general, when there are N electronic circuits sending low side driver enable / disable commands 152, the selection electronics 154 is configured to transfer to the low side driver 152 the disable command if commands are received. of deactivation have been received from at least M electronic circuits, M being greater than N / 2. Preferably, M is furthermore less than or equal to N-1. The selection electronic circuit 154 is configured to, otherwise, transfer to the low side driver 152 an activation command.
    In one embodiment, M is equal to the majority of the N electronic circuits, that is to say that M is equal to the first integer greater than N / 2. For example, if N is equal to 4, M is equal to 3. If N is equal to 5, M is also equal to 3. This embodiment makes it possible to remedy the failure of a minority of the N electronic circuits. that is, the failure of a number of electronic circuits between one and the first integer less than N / 2. For example, if N is equal to 6, this embodiment makes it possible to remedy the failure of one or two electronic circuits. If N is equal to 7, this embodiment makes it possible to remedy the failure of one to three electronic circuits.
    In another embodiment, M is equal to N-1. For example, if N is equal to 4, M is equal to 3. If N is equal to 5, M is equal to 4. This embodiment makes it possible to remedy the failure of only one of the N electronic circuits.
    In the example described, N is equal to 3, so that the two previous embodiments are equivalent and the electronic selection circuit 154 is thus configured to transfer to the low side driver 152 the deactivation command if deactivation commands have been received from at least two electronic circuits.
    Activation / deactivation commands
    The activation / deactivation commands described above are for example made in the form of a binary signal that can take two values respectively indicating activation and deactivation. For example, the binary value "0" indicates an activation, while the binary value "1" indicates a deactivation.
    High side driver 150
    Upon receiving the activation command from the microcontroller 144, the high side driver 150 is configured to drive the high side switches 116H following the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H received from the CPLD 148. More specifically, the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H sent by the CPLD 148 are sent between a null potential and a low potential, generally less than 10Y, for example 5Y. The high side driver 150 is configured to apply to the high side switches 116H the received commands, but this time between a negative potential and a high potential, generally greater than 10V, for example between 12V and 22V.
    Upon receiving the disable command from the microcontroller 144, the high side driver 150 is configured to ignore the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H received from the CPLD 148 and to provide each of the plurality of switches. 116H high side a predetermined opening or closing signal of high side switches 116H. In the example described where the high side switches 116H are "normally open", the high side driver 150 receiving the deactivation command is thus configured to provide a zero voltage to the high side switches 116H by means of, for example, draw (not shown), up (called "pull-up" in English) or down (called cepull-down "in English).
    The high side driver comprises for example a high side elementary driver for each high side switch 116H, or six high side elementary pilots in the example described.
    Low Side Driver 152
    Upon receiving the enable command from the selection electronics 154, the low side driver 152 is configured to drive the low side switches 116B following the open / close commands of the received low side switches 116B. In particular, the open / close commands of the low side switches 116B sent by the FPGA 146 are sent between a null potential and at a low potential, generally less than 10Y, for example 5V. The low side driver 152 is configured to apply to the low side switches 116B the received commands, but this time between a negative potential and a high potential, generally greater than 10Y, for example between 12V and 22V.
    Upon receiving the disable command from the selection circuitry 154, the low side driver 152 is configured to ignore the open / close commands of the low side switches 116B received from the FPGA 146 and to provide each low side switches 116B a predetermined open or close signal of the low side switches 116H. In the example described where the low-side switches 116B are "normally open", the low-side driver 152 receiving the deactivation command is thus configured to provide zero voltage to the low-side switches 116B by means of, for example, draw (not shown).
    The low side driver 152 comprises, for example, a low-side elementary driver for each high-side switch 116H, ie, six low-side elementary pilots in the example described.
    Pulling devices 156, 158, 160. 162, 163
    The pulling device 156 is associated with the microcontroller 144 and is configured to, when the microcontroller 144 sends the high-side driver 150 neither an activation command nor a deactivation command, to send to the high-side driver 150 a deactivation command at the place of the microcontroller 144.
    The pulling device 158 is associated with the microcontroller 144 and configured to, when the microcontroller 144 does not send to the selection electronic circuit 154 neither the activation command nor the deactivation command, send to the selection electronic circuit 154 an activation command to the place of the microcontroller 144.
    The pulling device 160 is associated with the CPLD 148 and configured to, when the CPLD 148 does not send to the selection electronic circuit 154 neither the activation command nor the deactivation command, send to the selection electronic circuit 154 an activation command to the place of the CPLD 148.
    The pulling device 162 is associated with the FPGA 146 and configured to, when the FPGA 146 does not send to the selection electronic circuit 154 either an activation command or a deactivation command, sending to the selection electronic circuit 154 an activation command to the place of the FPGA 146.
    The pulling device 163 is associated with the selection electronic circuit 154 and configured to, when the selection electronic circuit 154 sends to the low side driver 152 neither the activation command nor the deactivation command, to send to the low side driver 152 a deactivation command instead of the selection electronic circuit 154.
    The pulling devices 156, 158, 160, 162, 163 are for example pulling devices upwards or downwards, according to the logic values respectively representing an activation and a deactivation.
    Normal running
    In normal operation, the microcontroller 144, the FPGA 146 and the CPLD 148 send to the selection electronic circuit 154 low side driver activation commands 152.
    The selection electronic circuit 154 transfers to the low side driver 152 the majority control, i.e., the activation command.
    In parallel, the microcontroller 144 determines the opening / closing commands of the high-side switches 116H and the opening / closing commands of the low-side switches 116B from, inter alia, the torque setpoint C, of the measurement the position of the motor, measurements of currents in the phases and measurement of the voltage of the battery 108.
    The microcontroller 144 sends the opening / closing commands of the switches 116H, 116B to the FPGA 146.
    The FPGA 146 formats the opening / closing commands of the switches 116H, 116B. The FPGA 146 then sends the open / close commands of the high side switches 116H to the CPLD 148 which transfers them to the high side driver 150. The FPGA 146 further sends the open / close commands of the low side switches 116B to the low side driver 152.
    The drivers 150, 152 apply the open / close commands to their respective switches 116H, 116B. Failure of the microcontroller 144
    The FPGA 146 detects this failure and, in response, sends the CPLD 148 opening commands of the high side switches 116H. The CPLD 148 transfers to the high side driver 150 the opening commands of the high side switches 116H. If the failure of the microcontroller 144 causes it to send the high side driver 150 an activation command, the high side driver 150 is activated and can apply the opening commands of the high side switches 116H. If the failure of the microcontroller 144 causes it to send the high side driver 150 a disable command, the high side driver 150 is disabled and therefore ignores commands, but still opens the high side switches 116H. If the failure of the microcontroller 144 causes it to send no activation or deactivation command (for example when the microcontroller 144 is no longer supplied with power), the pulling device 156 sends the high side driver 150 a activation command, so that the high side driver 150 is activated and can apply the opening commands of the high side switches 116H.
    Further, in response to the detection of the failure, the FPGA 146 sends the low side driver 152 low-side switch closure commands 116B. The FPGA 146 and the CPLD 148 continue to send to the selection electronic circuit 154 low side driver activation commands 152, so that the majority control received by the selection electronic circuit 154 is the activation command, regardless of the command sent by the microcontroller 144. Thus, the low side driver 152 remains activated and can apply the closing commands of the low side switches 116B.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the low side switches 116B are all closed and the high side switches 116H are all open. Failure of the FPGA 146
    The microcontroller 144 detects this failure and, in response, sends the selection electronic circuit 154 a deactivation command. The CPLD 148 also detects this failure and, in response, also sends the selection electronic circuit 154 a deactivation command. Thus, the majority control transferred by the selection electronic circuit 154 is the deactivation command, regardless of the command sent by the FPGA 146, so that the low side driver 152 is deactivated and, therefore, ignores the commands. to open / close the low side switches 116B from the FPGA 146 and open the low side switches 116B.
    In addition, in response to the detection of this failure, the CPLD 148 sends the high side driver 150 closing commands of the high side switches 116H. Since the microcontroller 144 continues to send the high side driver 150 an activation command, the high side driver 150 applies to the high side switches 116H the close commands received from the CPLD 148.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all closed and the low side switches 116B are all open. Failure of the CPLD 148
    The FPGA 146 detects this failure and, in response, sends the microcontroller 144 a request to disable the high side driver 150. In response to this request, the microcontroller 144 sends the high side driver 150 a deactivation command, so that the high side driver 150 is disabled and thereby ignores the open / close commands of the high side switches 150 received from the CPLD 148 and opens the high side switches 150.
    On the other hand, in response to the detection of the failure, the FPGA 146 sends the low side driver 152 low-side switch closure commands 116B. Since the microcontroller 144 and the FPGA 146 continue to send the selection electronic circuit 154 activation commands, the majority control transferred by the selection electronic circuit 154 is the activation command, regardless of the command sent by the command. CPLD 148, so that the low side driver 152 is activated and thereby applies the close commands of the low side switches 116B from the FPGA 146.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all open and the low side switches 116B are all closed.
    Failure of the high side driver 150. of the low side driver 152 or one of the switches 116H. 116B
    The FPGA 146 detects this failure and, in response, attempts to open the high side switches 116H and close the low side switches, if appropriate.
    For this, the FPGA 146 sends the microcontroller 144 a request to disable the high side driver 150. In response to this request, the microcontroller 144 sends a high side driver disable command 150, so that the driver is high side. 150 is disabled and opens the high side switches 116H.
    On the other hand, the FPGA 146 sends the low side driver 152 low-side switch closure commands 116B. Since the microcontroller 144, the FPGA 146 and the CPLD 148 continue to send low-side driver activation commands 152 to the selection electronic circuit 154, the selection electronic circuit 154 transfers to the low-side driver 152 the control of the low-side driver 152. activation, so that the low side driver 152 is activated and can apply the close commands of the low side switches 116B from the FPGA 146.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all open and the low side switches 116B are all closed.
    If the preceding scenario is not possible, for example if one of the high side switches 126H is blocked in the closed state or if one of the low side switches 126B is blocked in the open state, the FPGA 146 sends to the selector circuit 154 a low side driver disable command 152 and sends the microcontroller 144 a low side driver disable request. In response, the microcontroller 144 also sends to the comparator a low side driver disable command 152. Thus, the majority control transferred by the selection electronic circuit 154 is the disable command, so that the low side driver 152 is deactivated and thereby opens the low side switches 116B.
    On the other hand, the FPGA sends to the CPLD 148 commands for closing the high side switches 116H and the CPLD transfers them to the high side driver 150. As the microcontroller 144 continues to send the high side driver 150 an activation command the high side driver 150 is activated and thereby applies the high side switch closing commands 116H from the CPLD 148.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all closed and the low side switches 116B are all open. Failure of the electronic selection circuit 154
    If the failure causes the selection electronics 154 to send an activation command to the low side driver 152, the controller 134 may continue to operate normally.
    If the failure causes the selection electronics 154 to send a down command to the low side driver 152, the FPGA 146 detects this failure by analyzing the midpoint voltages.
    The FPGA 146 then sends the CPLD 148 closing commands of the high side switches 116H and the CPLD transfers them to the high side driver 150. As the microcontroller 144 continues to send the high side driver 150 an activation command, the high side driver 150 is activated and thereby applies the high side switch closing commands 116H from the CPLD 148.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all closed and the low side switches 116B are all open.
    If the failure causes the selection electronic circuit 154 to send to the low side driver 152 neither the activation command nor the deactivation command, the printing device 163 associated with the selection electronic circuit 154 takes over and sends the pilot bottom side 152 a deactivation command. Thus, we return to the case of the low side driver failure 152. which is detected by the FPGA 146, as explained above. Failure of the second diet 140
    This failure causes the supply of the microcontroller 144, the CPLD 148 and the high side driver 150 to be stopped. The high side driver 150 therefore no longer controls the high side switches 116H, but as these are "normally open, "they are open.
    On the other hand, the FPGA 146 detects the failure of the microcontroller 144 and the CPLD 148 and, in response, sends the low side driver 152 close commands of the low side switches 116B.
    The microcontroller 144 and the CPLD 148 do not send the selection electronic circuit 154 either an activation command or a deactivation command, so that their respective pulling devices 158, 160 take over and send to the selection electronic circuit 154 commands In addition, the FPGA 146 continues to send to the selection electronic circuit 154 a low side driver activation command 152, the majority control transferred by the selection electronic circuit 154. is the activation command, so that the low side driver 152 is activated and applies to the low side switches 116B the closing commands from the FPGA 146.
    The electric motor is then in a secure state: the high side switches 116H are all open and the low side switches 116B are all closed.
    With reference to FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment of the electronic selection circuit 154 is illustrated.
    The selection electronic circuit comprises resistors R1 ... R7, a capacitor C1 and an operational amplifier OP, arranged as shown.
    The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but is instead defined by the following claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made.
    In particular, in the example described above, the electronic circuits 144, 146, 148 are in the form of digital integrated circuits, but they could be made otherwise.
    In addition, the FPGA 146 could be replaced by a second CPLD dedicated to the control of the low side driver 152. In this case, the microcontroller 144 could format the open / close commands to provide the CPLD 148 with the commands of opening / closing of the high side switches 116H and the second CPLD the opening / closing commands of the low side switches 116B. The second CPLD then participate, through the electronic selection circuit 154, the activation / deactivation of the low side driver 152.
    In addition, it could be provided more than three electronic circuits participating, through the electronic selection circuit 154, the activation / deactivation of the low side driver 152.
    In addition, the selection electronic circuit 154 could be associated with the high side driver 150 rather than the low side driver 152.
    In addition, the invention could be applied to other forms of inverter. For example, the three coils could be connected to each other star-shaped by first ends, and the inverter could comprise three switching arms respectively associated with the other three ends of the coils.
    In addition, the three coils could be connected to each other in a triangle, and the inverter could comprise three switching arms respectively associated with the three pairs of ends of the coils forming the three points of the triangle.
    In addition, the electric machine could be of another type than a synchronous machine with permanent magnets.
    In addition, each driver could be configured to provide no voltage when disabled. In this case, the voltage supplied to the switches would be a floating voltage, at which the switches would be configured to respond by placing themselves in a predetermined position. Thus, the floating voltage is still considered in the context of the present invention as a control signal of the switches.
    In addition, the pulling devices 156, 158, 160, 162, 163 are optional and could be omitted.
    Moreover, the terms used in the claims should not be understood as limited to the elements of the embodiment described above, but should instead be understood as covering all the equivalent elements that a person skilled in the art can deduce from his knowledge. General.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A control device (134) for an inverter (110) having switching arms (102G, 104D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D) each associated with at least one coil end (102, 104, 106) of an electrical machine, each switching arm (102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D) having: a high side switch (116H) to be selectively closed to connect the end to a positive (+) terminal d a battery (108) and open to disconnect the end of the positive (+) terminal of the battery (108), and a low-side switch (116B) to be selectively closed to connect the end to a negative terminal (-) of the battery (108) and open to disconnect the end of the negative (-) terminal of the battery (108), the control device (134) comprising: - a first driver (152) configured to drive at the at least one first switch (116B) following opening / closing commands, - N elec tronic (144,146,148), N being greater than or equal to three, one of the electronic circuits (146) being configured to send the open / close commands to the first driver (152), the controller (134) being characterized by the first driver (152) is further configured to, upon receiving a disable command, ignore the received open / close commands and provide each first switch (116B) with a predetermined open signal or closure system, in that each of the N electronic circuits is configured to send a command to deactivate the first driver (152), and in that it further comprises: - an electronic selection circuit (154) configured to: - receive the deactivation commands sent by the N electronic circuits (144,146,148), and - if deactivation commands have been received from at least M electronic circuits (144,146,148), M etan t greater than N / 2, transfer the deactivation command to the first driver (152).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Control device (134) according to claim 1, wherein M is equal to the first integer greater than N / 2.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Control device (134) according to claim 1, wherein M is equal to N-1.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Control device (134) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electronic circuits (144,146,148) are odd number.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Control device (134) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electronic circuits (144,146,148) are three in number.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The control device (134) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the selection electronic circuit (154) is implemented only with analog components.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The control device (134) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first driver (152) is configured to drive a plurality of first switches (116B) which are all on the same first side of the high side. and the low side.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Control device (134) according to claim 7, wherein the first switches (116B) are all switches (116B) of the same first one of the high side and the low side.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    The control device (134) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first side is the low side.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The control device (134) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a second driver configured to drive second switches (116H) on a second side of the high side and the low side, according to open / close commands received and, upon receipt of a deactivation command, ignore the received open / close commands and provide each second switch (116H) with a predetermined open or close signal.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    The control device (134) of claim 10, wherein a first one (144) of the electronic circuits (144,146,148) is configured to monitor a second one (146) of the electronic circuits (144,146,148) and , when a failure of the second electronic circuit (146) is detected, for sending to the selection electronic circuit (154) a disabling command of the first driver (152), wherein the second electronic circuit (146) is configured to monitor the first electronic circuit (144) and a third (148) of the electronic circuits (144, 146, 148) and, when a failure of the first electronic circuit (144) or the third electronic circuit (148) is detected, to send to the first driver ( 152) of the closing commands of the first switches (116B) and, when a failure of the third electronic circuit (148) is detected, to further send to the first electronic circuit (144) one of disabling the second driver (150), and wherein the third electronic circuit (148) is configured to monitor the second electronic circuit (146) and, when a failure of the second electronic circuit (146) is detected, for, d on the one hand, sending the second driver (150) closing commands of the second switches (116H) and, secondly, send to the electronic selection circuit (154) a command to disable the first driver (152).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    The control device (134) of claim 11, wherein the first electronic circuit (144) is configured to determine open / close commands of the first switches (116B) and open / close commands of the second switches. (116H) and for sending to the second electronic component (146) the open / close commands of the determined switches (116H, 116B), wherein the second electronic circuit (146) is configured to shape the open / close commands. closing the switches (116H, 116B), to send to the third electronic circuit (148), after their formatting, the opening / closing commands of the second switches (116H) and to send to the first driver (152), after their formatting, the opening / closing commands of the first switches (116B), and wherein the third electronic circuit (148) is configured to transfer the commands of opening / closing the second switches (116H) received from the second electronic circuit (146) to the second driver (150).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    An electrical system (100) comprising: - an electrical machine having coils (102, 104, 106) each having two ends; - an inverter (110) having switching arms (102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D) each associated with at least one coil end (102, 104, 106) of the electrical machine, each switching arm (102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D) having: a high side switch (116H) for selectively closed to connect the end to a positive (+) terminal of a battery (108) and open to disconnect the end of the positive (+) terminal of the battery (108), and a low side switch (116B) to be selectively closed to connect the end to a negative (-) terminal of the battery (108) and open to disconnect the end of the negative (-) terminal of the battery (108), - a control device ( 134) of the inverter (110) according to any one of the 1 to 12.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The electrical system (100) of claim 13, wherein the electrical machine has three coils (102, 104, 106) and the inverter (110) has six switching arms (102G, 102D, 104G, 104D, 106G, 106D) respectively associated with the six ends of the coils (102,104,106).
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Electrical system according to claim 13, wherein the electric machine comprises three coils connected to each other star-shaped by first ends, and wherein the inverter comprises three switching arms respectively associated with the other three ends of the coils.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Electrical system according to claim 13, wherein the electric machine comprises three coils connected together in a triangle, and wherein the inverter comprises three switching arms respectively associated with the three pairs of ends of the coils forming the three points of the triangle. .
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. Electrical system (100) according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the electric machine is a synchronous electric machine with permanent magnets.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3417535A1|2018-12-26|
    FR3047854B1|2018-03-23|
    WO2017140964A1|2017-08-24|
    CN109075698A|2018-12-21|
    EP3417535B1|2020-10-14|
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    法律状态:
    2017-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-08-18| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170818 |
    2018-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1651272|2016-02-17|
    FR1651272A|FR3047854B1|2016-02-17|2016-02-17|DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN INVERTER AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A CONTROL DEVICE|FR1651272A| FR3047854B1|2016-02-17|2016-02-17|DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN INVERTER AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A CONTROL DEVICE|
    EP17706576.0A| EP3417535B1|2016-02-17|2017-01-26|Device for controlling an inverter and electrical system including such a controlling device|
    CN201780022607.1A| CN109075698A|2016-02-17|2017-01-26|Inverter control device and including it is such control equipment electrical system|
    PCT/FR2017/050180| WO2017140964A1|2016-02-17|2017-01-26|Device for controlling an inverter and electrical system including such a controlling device|
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